Detection of Post-COVID-19 Patients Using Medical Scent Detection Dogs—A Pilot Study

Frontiers in Medicine

Esther Schalke¹  Holger Andreas Volk²  Tobias Welte³  Isabell Pink³  Nora Drick³  Sebastian Meller⁴  Nele Alexandra ten Hagen⁴  Paula Jendrny⁴  Friederike Twele⁴  Hans Ebbers⁵  Claudia Schulz⁶  Albert Osterhaus⁶ 

[1] Bundeswehr Medical Service Headquarters, Koblenz, Germany;Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany;Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany;KynoScience UG, Hörstel, Germany;Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    scent detection dogs;    Long COVID;    volatile organic compound (VOC);    COVID-19;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2022.877259

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

There is a growing number of COVID-19 patients experiencing long-term symptoms months after their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous research proved dogs' ability to detect acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, but has not yet shown if dogs also indicate samples of patients with post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). Nine dogs, previously trained to detect samples of acute COVID-19 patients, were confronted with samples of Long COVID patients in two testing scenarios. In test scenario I (samples of acute COVID-19 vs. Long COVID) dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for acute COVID-19) of 86.7% (95%CI: 75.4–98.0%) and a specificity of 95.8% (95%CI: 92.5–99.0%). When dogs were confronted with Long COVID and negative control samples in scenario IIa, dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for Long COVID) of 94.4 (95%CI: 70.5–100.0%) and a specificity of 96.1% (95%CI: 87.6–100.0%). In comparison, when acute SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and negative control samples were comparatively presented (scenario IIb), a mean sensitivity of 86.9 (95%CI: 55.7–100.0%) and a specificity of 88.1% (95%CI: 82.7–93.6%) was attained. This pilot study supports the hypothesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) being long-term present after the initial infection in post-COVID-19 patients. Detection dogs, trained with samples of acute COVID-19 patients, also identified samples of Long COVID patients with a high sensitivity when presented next to samples of healthy individuals. This data may be used for further studies evaluating the pathophysiology underlying Long COVID and the composition of specific VOC-patterns released by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients throughout the course of this complex disease.

【 授权许可】

Unknown