The Structure, Function, and Regulation of Starch Synthesis Enzymes SSIII with Emphasis on Maize

Agronomy

Yawen Deng¹  Lun Liu¹  Noman Shoaib¹  Yangping Li¹  Guowu Yu¹  Na Zhang¹  Yuanzhu Gaoyang¹  Yubi Huang¹ 

[1] College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China;

关键词: maize;    starch synthesis;    starch synthesis enzymes SSIII;    structure;    function;   

DOI  :  10.3390/agronomy12061359

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Starch biosynthesis is a complex and highly controlled process that requires coordinated activities among multiple enzymes. Starch synthase III (SSIII) is the largest protein in the starch synthase complex and its function is to lengthen long-chain amylopectin in starch synthesis. It potentially affects the activity of other key enzymes in starch synthesis through protein–protein interactions; therefore, its function and regulation play a predominant role in starch synthesis. In this review, we summarized the main research of SSIII including its biochemical characteristics, structural features, expression atlas, and regulation means. Structural features and expressional analysis indicated that SSIIIa is the main functional protein in maize endosperm rather than SSIIIb-a and SSIIIb-b, even though they are similar in the tertiary structures. The regulation investigation of SSIIIa showed that there are 13 transcription factors that control the transcription of SSIIIa. Interaction network analysis showed that SSIIIa could be involved with ten other key enzymes in starch synthesis. In conclusion, this review considerably extends our understanding of SSIII and provides the theoretical basis for improving starch synthesis by SSIII in maize.

【 授权许可】

Unknown