Quantification of multi-class pesticides in stomach contents and milk by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with liquid extraction method

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

Zahoor Ahmad¹  Rabab A. Hakami²  Hala A. Ibrahium³  Sara Yasien⁴  Shahid Iqbal⁵  Muhammad Muntazir Iqbal⁶  Eslam B. Elkaeed⁶  Mohsin Javed⁶  Nissren Tamam⁷  Rami M. Alzhrani⁸  Nasser S. Awwad⁹  Sohail Nadeem^1,10 

[1] Corresponding author.;Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan;Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan;Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan;Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;

关键词: Pesticides;    Salt-assisted liquid extraction;    GC–MS;    Stomach contents;    Milk;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Pesticides belonging to carbamates, pyrethroids and organophosphate groups are being mostly used worldwide. These are toxic and their minute amount leads to severe illness or death when ingested through various means. In case of suicidal or homicidal incidents, trace levels of pesticides may lead to acute death. In this scenario, stomach content is the best specimen for the detection of pesticide poison. Conversely, trace levels of pesticides may reach the mammary glands of milking animals when they eat grassy feed exposed to pesticides spray. Trace levels of those pesticide residues present in milk remain stable even after pasteurization. Eventually, milk consumers are affected chronically by these pesticide residues. The current study includes the development and validation of nine multi-class pesticide residues analyses in stomach content and milk. Nine-multiclass pesticides were extracted from stomach content and milk by acetonitrile with the addition of extraction salt. Quantitative analysis of permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, pyriproxyfen, triazophos, profenophos, chlorpyriphos, carbofuran, phorate, and step, GC–MS was used as an analytical technique equipped with DB-5 ms capillary open tubular column (15 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) and 0.08 ml/L flow rate of helium mobile phase gas with constant pressure. LLOQ and ULOQ for all target analytes were 0.05 mg/L and 3 mg/L respectively.

【 授权许可】

Unknown