The Role of Sulfated Materials for Biodiesel Production from Cheap Raw Materials

Catalysts

Brandon Lowe¹  Jabbar Gardy¹  Ali Hassanpour¹ 

[1] School of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;

关键词: biodiesel;    magnetic nanoparticle;    sulfated nanoparticle;    transesterification;    esterification/transesterification;    waste cooking oil;   

DOI  :  10.3390/catal12020223

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

There is an urgent need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, yet to date the decarbonization of the transportation industry has been slow and of particular difficulty. While fossil fuel replacements such as biodiesel may aid the transition to a less polluting society, production at the industrial scales required is currently heavily dependent on chemical catalysis. Conventional two-step homogenous routes require the challenging separation of catalyst from the obtained product; however, heterogenous solid catalysts bring new considerations such as material stability, surface area, porosity, deactivation effects, and reduced reactivities under mild conditions. Nanomaterials present an attractive solution, offering the high reactivity of homogenous catalysts without complex recyclability issues. Slightly less reactive, acidic sulfated nanomaterials may also demonstrate greater stability to feedstock impurity, extending lifetime and improved versatility to a range of starting feeds. There remains, however, much work to be done in demonstrating the full-scale feasibility of such catalysts. This review explores recent developments over time in acidic sulfated nanocatalysis for biodiesel production, with particular focus on metal oxides, magnetic nanoparticles, silica-supported nanomaterials, and acidic carbon nanocatalysts. Included are various summaries of current progress in the literature, as well as recommendations for future research.

【 授权许可】

Unknown