Multi-Integrated Systems for Treatment of Abattoir Wastewater: A Review

Water

Moses Basitere¹  Mahomet Njoya²  Larryngeai Gutu²  David Ikumi³  Chris Gaszynski³  Theo Harding³ 

[1] Academic Support Programme for Engineering in Cape Town (ASPECT) & Water Research Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;Department of Chemical Engineering, Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa;Department of Civil Engineering, Water Research Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;

关键词: bio-membrane;    multi-integrated system;    expanded granular bed reactor;    anaerobic digestion;    activated sludge;    membrane bioreactor;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w13182462

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Biological wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge and anaerobic digestion remain the most favorable when compared to processes such as chemical precipitation and ion exchange due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, ease of operation, and low maintenance. Since Abattoir Wastewater (AWW) is characterized as having high organic content, anaerobic digestion is slow and inadequate for complete removal of all nutrients and organic matter when required to produce a high-quality effluent that satisfies discharge standards. Multi-integrated systems can be designed in which additional stages are added before the anaerobic digester (pre-treatment), as well as after the digester (post-treatment) for nutrient recovery and pathogen removal. This can aid the water treatment plant effluent to meet the discharge regulations imposed by the legislator and allow the possibility for reuse on-site. This review aims to provide information on the principles of anaerobic digestion, aeration pre-treatment technology using enzymes and a hybrid membrane bioreactor, describing their various roles in AWW treatment. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification are essential to add after anaerobic digestion for nutrient recovery utilizing a single step process. Nutrient recovery has become more favorable than nutrient removal in wastewater treatment because it consumes less energy, making the process cost-effective. In addition, recovered nutrients can be used to make nutrient-based fertilizers, reducing the effects of eutrophication and land degradation. The downflow expanded granular bed reactor is also compared to other high-rate anaerobic reactors, such as the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and the expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB).

【 授权许可】

Unknown