Effects of Seawater Acidification on Echinoid Adult Stage: A Review

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Davide Asnicar¹  Maria Gabriella Marin¹ 

[1] Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;

关键词: ocean acidification;    echinoids;    sea urchin;    physiology;    behaviour;    calcification;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jmse10040477

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The continuous release of CO₂ in the atmosphere is increasing the acidity of seawater worldwide, and the pH is predicted to be reduced by ~0.4 units by 2100. Ocean acidification (OA) is changing the carbonate chemistry, jeopardizing the life of marine organisms, and in particular calcifying organisms. Because of their calcareous skeleton and limited ability to regulate the acid–base balance, echinoids are among the organisms most threatened by OA. In this review, 50 articles assessing the effects of seawater acidification on the echinoid adult stage have been collected and summarized, in order to identify the most important aspects to consider for future experiments. Most of the endpoints considered (i.e., related to calcification, physiology, behaviour and reproduction) were altered, highlighting how various and subtle the effects of pH reduction can be. In general terms, more than 43% of the endpoints were modified by low pH compared with the control condition. However, animals exposed in long-term experiments or resident in CO₂-vent systems showed acclimation capability. Moreover, the latitudinal range of animals’ distribution might explain some of the differences found among species. Therefore, future experiments should consider local variability, long-term exposure and multigenerational approaches to better assess OA effects on echinoids.

【 授权许可】

Unknown