Accelerated Solvent Extractions (ASE) of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (Kratom) Leaves: Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity and Antinociceptive Activity

Molecules

Rameshkumar Santhanam¹  Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar²  Yong Sean Goh³  Thiruventhan Karunakaran³  Surash Ramanathan³  Vikneswaran Murugaiyah⁴ 

[1] BioSES Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti MalaysiaTerengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia;Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;

关键词: Mitragyna speciosa;    accelerated solvent extraction (ASE);    mitragynine;    cytotoxicity;    antinociceptive;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules26123704

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Mitragyna speciosa Korth (kratom) is known for its psychoactive and analgesic properties. Mitragynine is the primary constituent present in kratom leaves. This study highlights the utilisation of the green accelerated solvent extraction technique to produce a better, non-toxic and antinociceptive active botanical extract of kratom. ASE M. speciosa extract had a dry yield (0.53–2.91 g) and showed a constant mitragynine content (6.53–7.19%) when extracted with organic solvents of different polarities. It only requires a shorter extraction time (5 min) and a reduced amount of solvents (less than 100 mL). A substantial amount of total phenolic (407.83 ± 2.50 GAE mg/g and flavonoids (194.00 ± 5.00 QE mg/g) were found in ASE kratom ethanol extract. The MTT test indicated that the ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract is non-cytotoxic towards HEK-293 and HeLa Chang liver cells. In mice, ASE kratom ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) demonstrated a better antinociceptive effect compared to methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts. The presence of bioactive indole alkaloids and flavonols such as mitragynine, paynantheine, quercetin, and rutin in ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract was detected using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis supports its antinociceptive properties. ASE ethanolic leaf extract offers a better, safe, and cost-effective choice of test botanical extract for further preclinical studies.

【 授权许可】

Unknown