Irrigation of winter wheat to improve the realization of genetic yield potential

Selekcija i Semenarstvo

Dragović Svetimir¹  Maksimović Livija¹ 

[1] Crop and Vegetable Scientific Institute, Novi Sad, Serbia;

关键词: winter wheat;    irrigation;    weather conditions;    yield;    hectoliter mass;    mass of 1000 grains;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Realization of genetic yield potential of winter wheat depends on a large number of environmental factors among which rainfall level and air temperature are particularly important. Because of frequent rainfall shortages on the territory of Serbia in the period of wheat sowing in the fall and the vegetation in the spring, it is not possible to realize maximum yields, i.e., to reach the full genetic yield potential. In this situation, irrigation practice may be a solution needed to provide optimum soil moisture throughout the wheat growing season. Irrigation response of ten winter wheat varieties (Evropa, Avala, Pobeda, Balkan, Slavija, Milica, NS Rana 5, NS 4339, Nova Jadranka and Proteinka) was studied in the period 1993 -1995. The varieties were irrigated at the time of sowing and during the growing period, the schedule being determined on the basis of soil moisture analysis and irrigation being performed at the soil moisture level of 70-75% FWC. The three-year average yields obtained with and without irrigation were 6.72 and 6.47 t/ha, respectively. The average annual yields with and without irrigation were 7.95, 6.08 and 612 t/ha, and 7.25, 6.08 and 6.09 t/ha, respectively. The variety Evropa was the best performer with 7.03 t/ha in irrigation and 6.58 t/ha without irrigation. The highest yield in irrigation, 8.66 t/ha, was obtained in 1993. The average effect of irrigation was only 0.25 t/ha, i.e., 4%. This was due to relatively high rainfalls that occurred in all experiment years in the period when wheat had the highest water requirement. The relatively small irrigation doses could not be very effective in this situation. Furthermore, high temperatures occurred in June in all years, causing premature ripening of wheat. The differences in plant condition that existed between the irrigated and non-irrigated variants before June were thus eradicated and the yields were evened out.

【 授权许可】

Unknown