Plasma Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Retinol in the Age-Stratified (35–74 Years) General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries

Nutrients

Juergen Bernhardt¹  Claudio Franceschi²  Tilman Grune³  Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein⁴  Simone Fiegl⁵  Wolfgang Stuetz⁶  Nicolle Breusing⁶  Efstathios S. Gonos⁷  Daniela Weber⁸  Alexander Bürkle⁹  María Moreno-Villanueva⁹  Martijn E. T. Dollé^1,10  Eugène Jansen^1,10  Ewa Sikora^1,11  Olivier Toussaint^1,12 

[1] BioTeSys GmbH, Esslingen 73728, Germany;Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy;Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany;Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Leipold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria;Institute for Nutritional Sciences and Physiology, University for Health Sciences, Hall in Tirol 6060, Austria;Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany;Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens 11635, Greece;Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena 07743, Germany;Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany;National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), BA Bilthoven 3721, The Netherlands;Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland;Unit of Cellular Biochemistry and Biology, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium;

关键词: carotenoids;    plasma;    age;    Europe;    micronutrients;    lycopene;    retinol;    tocopherols;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu8100614

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Blood micronutrient status may change with age. We analyzed plasma carotenoids, α-/γ-tocopherol, and retinol and their associations with age, demographic characteristics, and dietary habits (assessed by a short food frequency questionnaire) in a cross-sectional study of 2118 women and men (age-stratified from 35 to 74 years) of the general population from six European countries. Higher age was associated with lower lycopene and α-/β-carotene and higher β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-/γ-tocopherol, and retinol levels. Significant correlations with age were observed for lycopene (r = −0.248), α-tocopherol (r = 0.208), α-carotene (r = −0.112), and β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.125; all p < 0.001). Age was inversely associated with lycopene (−6.5% per five-year age increase) and this association remained in the multiple regression model with the significant predictors (covariables) being country, season, cholesterol, gender, smoking status, body mass index (BMI (kg/m2)), and dietary habits. The positive association of α-tocopherol with age remained when all covariates including cholesterol and use of vitamin supplements were included (1.7% vs. 2.4% per five-year age increase). The association of higher β-cryptoxanthin with higher age was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for fruit consumption, whereas the inverse association of α-carotene with age remained in the fully adjusted multivariable model (−4.8% vs. −3.8% per five-year age increase). We conclude from our study that age is an independent predictor of plasma lycopene, α-tocopherol, and α-carotene.

【 授权许可】

Unknown