What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 7: PD-L1 Expression in Liquid Biopsy

Journal of Personalized Medicine

Stefania Croci¹  Martina Bonacini¹  Jatin Gandhi²  Sofia Cañete-Portillo³  Dario De Biase⁴  Alcides Chaux⁵  Beatrice Melli⁶  Antonio De Leo⁷  Stefano Ascani⁸  Maria Paola Bonasoni⁹  Eleonora Zanetti⁹  Alessandra Bisagni⁹  Magda Zanelli⁹  Andrea Palicelli⁹  Moira Ragazzi⁹  Alessandro Tafuni^1,10  Francesca Sanguedolce^1,11 

[1] Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;Pathology Unit, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;

关键词: PD-L1;    prostate;    cancer;    liquid biopsy;    circulating tumor cells;    exosomes;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jpm11121312

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Liquid biopsy is an accessible, non-invasive diagnostic tool for advanced prostate cancer (PC) patients, potentially representing a real-time monitoring test for tumor evolution and response to treatment through the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes. We performed a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) to describe the current knowledge about PD-L1 expression in liquid biopsies of PC patients: 101/159 (64%) cases revealed a variable number of PD-L1+ CTCs. Outcome correlations should be investigated in larger series. Nuclear PD-L1 expression by CTCs was occasionally associated with worse prognosis. Treatment (abiraterone, enzalutamide, radiotherapy, checkpoint-inhibitors) influenced PD-L1+ CTC levels. Discordance in PD-L1 status was detected between primary vs. metastatic PC tissue biopsies and CTCs vs. corresponding tumor tissues. PD-L1 is also released by PC cells through soluble exosomes, which could inhibit the T cell function, causing immune evasion. PD-L1+ PC-CTC monitoring and genomic profiling may better characterize the ongoing aggressive PC forms compared to PD-L1 evaluation on primary tumor biopsies/prostatectomy specimens (sometimes sampled a long time before recurrence/progression). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and dendritic cells (DCs), which may have immune-suppressive effects in tumor microenvironment, have been found in PC patients circulation, sometimes expressing PD-L1. Occasionally, their levels correlated to clinical outcome. Enzalutamide-progressing castration-resistant PC patients revealed increased PD-1+ T cells and circulating PD-L1/2+ DCs.

【 授权许可】

Unknown