Epigenetic Modifications and Non-Coding RNA in Diabetes-Mellitus-Induced Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiological Link and New Therapeutic Frontiers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Stamatios Lerakis¹  Francesco Romeo²  Dalgisio Lecis³  Roberto Celotto³  Francesca Romana Prandi³  Marialucia Milite³  Francesco Barillà³  Federica Illuminato³ 

[1] Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;Department of Departmental Faculty of Medicine, Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;

关键词: diabetes mellitus;    hyperglycemia;    coronary artery disease;    epigenetics;    epidrugs;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms23094589

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a glucose metabolism disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a deficit of insulin production and/or action. DM affects more than 1 in 10 adults, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for two thirds of the overall deaths in diabetic patients, with coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic cardiomyopathy as the main contributors. Hyperglycemic damage on vascular endothelial cells leading to endothelial dysfunction represents the main initiating factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still not entirely understood. This review addresses the current knowledge on the pathophysiological links between DM and CAD with a focus on the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNA control. Increased knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms has contributed to the development of new pharmacological treatments (“epidrugs”) with epigenetic targets, although these approaches present several challenges. Specific epigenetic biomarkers may also be used to predict or detect the development and progression of diabetes complications. Further studies on diabetes and CAD epigenetics are needed in order to identify possible new therapeutic targets and advance personalized medicine with the prediction of individual drug responses and minimization of adverse effects.

【 授权许可】

Unknown