Male breast hypertrophy - a review of modern methods of treatment

Journal of Education, Health and Sport

Barbara Madej–Czerwonka¹  Rafal Wojcik¹  Krzysztof Kozak¹  Maciej Czerwonka²  Katarzyna Adanczyk³  Dorota Adamczyk³  Mateusz Dziedzic⁴ 

[1] 1. Department of Human Anatomy of the Medical University of Lublin, Poland.2. Breast Surgery Department of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Regional Specialistic Hospital in Lublin, Poland.;2. Breast Surgery Department of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Regional Specialistic Hospital in Lublin, Poland.;3. Student, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.;4. General Surgery Department of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Regional Specialistic Hospital in Lublin, Poland.;

关键词: male;    breast;    gynecomastia;    surgery;    surgical treatment;    breast enlarment.;   

DOI  :  10.5281/zenodo.1304470

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the mammary gland in males. Nowadays it is a common disorder of all ages, including newborns, adolescents and adults. It may be bilateral or unilateral enlargement of the breast. Gynecomastia may be a severe problem in adolescents resulting in development of psychological disorders. Evolution of surgical treatment options, depending on the degree of breast hypertrophy advancement, brought significant improvement in aesthetic effect and patient’s quality of life. This paper presents the development of pharmaceutical and surgical treatment technics. The manuscript proposes the optimal methods of clinical approach to the patients with an enlargement of the breast.

【 授权许可】

Unknown