The G119S ace‐1 mutation confers adaptive organophosphate resistance in a nontarget amphipod

Evolutionary Applications

Michael J. Lydy¹  Kara E. Huff Hartz¹  Gary A. Wellborn²  Donald P. Weston³  Austin R. Manny⁴  Kaley M. Major⁵  Helen C. Poynton⁵ 

[1] Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Department of Zoology Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois;Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma;Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California;Department of Microbiology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts;School for the Environment University of Massachusetts Boston Massachusetts;

关键词: evolution;    Hyalella azteca;    nontarget;    organophosphate;    pesticide resistance;   

DOI  :  10.1111/eva.12888

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) insecticides are widely used in the United States and share the same mode of toxic action. Both classes are frequently documented in aquatic ecosystems, sometimes at levels that exceed aquatic life benchmarks. We previously identified a population of the nontarget amphipod, Hyalella azteca, thriving in an agricultural creek with high sediment levels of the OP chlorpyrifos, suggesting the population may have acquired genetic resistance to the pesticide. In the present study, we surveyed 17 populations of H. azteca in California to screen for phenotypic resistance to chlorpyrifos as well as genetic signatures of resistance in the acetylcholinesterase (ace‐1) gene. We found no phenotypic chlorpyrifos resistance in populations from areas with little or no pesticide use. However, there was ~3‐ to 1,000‐fold resistance in H. azteca populations from agricultural and/or urban areas, with resistance levels in agriculture being far higher than urban areas due to greater ongoing use of OP and CM pesticides. In every case of resistance in H. azteca, we identified a glycine‐to‐serine amino acid substitution (G119S) that has been shown to confer OP and CM resistance in mosquitoes and has been associated with resistance in other insects. We found that the G119S mutation was always present in a heterozygous state. Further, we provide tentative evidence of an ace‐1 gene duplication in H. azteca that may play a role in chlorpyrifos resistance in some populations. The detection of a genetically based, adaptive OP and CM resistance in some of the same populations of H. azteca previously shown to harbor a genetically based adaptive pyrethroid resistance indicates that these nontarget amphipod populations have become resistant to many of the insecticides now in common use. The terrestrial application of pesticides has provided strong selective pressures to drive evolution in a nontarget, aquatic species.

【 授权许可】

Unknown