Vascular and Microvascular Dysfunction Induced by Microgravity and Its Analogs in Humans: Mechanisms and Countermeasures

Frontiers in Physiology

Claude Gharib²  Nastassia Navasiolava³  Adrien Robin³  Marc-Antoine Custaud³  Yinghui Li⁴  Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch⁵  Linjie Wang⁵  Mickael Coupé⁵  Ronan Murphy⁶  Ming Yuan⁷  Asmaa Alameddine⁷ 

[1] Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland;Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), Paris, France;Clinical Research Center, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France;Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France;Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d’Angers, Angers, France;;School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science &State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center (ACC), Beijing, China;

关键词: vascular deconditioning;    endothelium;    vascular remodeling;    vascular risk;    prevention;    shear stress;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fphys.2020.00952

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Weightlessness and physical inactivity have deleterious cardiovascular effects. The space environment and its ground-based models offer conditions to study the cardiovascular effects of physical inactivity in the absence of other vascular risk factors, particularly at the macro- and microcirculatory levels. However, the mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are not sufficiently studied in the context of weightlessness and its analogs including models of physical inactivity. Here, we summarize vascular and microvascular changes induced by space flight and observed in models of microgravity and physical inactivity and review the effects of prophylactic strategies (i.e., countermeasures) on vascular and microvascular function. We discuss physical (e.g., exercise, vibration, lower body negative pressure, and artificial gravity) and nutritional/pharmacological (e.g., caloric restriction, resveratrol, and other vegetal extracts) countermeasures. Currently, exercise countermeasure appears to be the most effective to protect vascular function. Although pharmacological countermeasures are not currently considered to fight vascular changes due to microgravity, nutritional countermeasures are very promising. Dietary supplements/natural health products, especially plant extracts, should be extensively studied. The best prophylactic strategy is likely a combination of countermeasures that are effective not only at the cardiovascular level but also for the organism as a whole, but this strategy remains to be determined.

【 授权许可】

Unknown