Horizontal Transmission of the Symbiont Microsporidia MB in Anopheles arabiensis

Frontiers in Microbiology

Gabriel Magoma¹  Thomas O. Onchuru²  Godfrey Nattoh³  Joel L. Bargul³  Fidel G. Otieno⁴  Evan Teal⁴  Juan Paredes⁴  Edward E. Makhulu⁴  Tullu Bukhari⁴  Tracy Maina⁴  Jeremy K. Herren⁴  Everline A. Onyango⁵  Steven P. Sinkins⁶  David M. Mburu⁷  Lilian Mbaisi⁸  Enock Mararo⁹ 

[1] Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya;Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Bomet University College, Bomet, Kenya;Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Pan African University, Nairobi, Kenya;International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya;Kemri-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya;MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom;Pwani University Biosciences Research Centre (PUBReC), Kilifi, Kenya;Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa;The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;

关键词: symbiosis;    Anopheles;    malaria;    vector;    Microsporidia;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2021.647183

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The recently discovered Anopheles symbiont, Microsporidia MB, has a strong malaria transmission-blocking phenotype in Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant Anopheles gambiae species complex member in many active transmission areas in eastern Africa. The ability of Microsporidia MB to block Plasmodium transmission together with vertical transmission and avirulence makes it a candidate for the development of a symbiont-based malaria transmission blocking strategy. We investigate the characteristics and efficiencies of Microsporidia MB transmission between An. arabiensis mosquitoes. We show that Microsporidia MB is not transmitted between larvae but is effectively transmitted horizontally between adult mosquitoes. Notably, Microsporidia MB was only found to be transmitted between male and female An. arabiensis, suggesting sexual horizontal transmission. In addition, Microsporidia MB cells were observed infecting the An. arabiensis ejaculatory duct. Female An. arabiensis that acquire Microsporidia MB horizontally are able to transmit the symbiont vertically to their offspring. We also investigate the possibility that Microsporidia MB can infect alternate hosts that live in the same habitats as their An. arabiensis hosts, but find no other non-anopheline hosts. Notably, Microsporidia MB infections were found in another primary malaria African vector, Anopheles funestus s.s. The finding that Microsporidia MB can be transmitted horizontally is relevant for the development of dissemination strategies to control malaria that are based on the targeted release of Microsporidia MB infected Anopheles mosquitoes.

【 授权许可】

Unknown