The Nexus between Sustainable Economic Development and Government Health Expenditure in Asian Countries Based on Ecological Footprint Consumption

Sustainability

Abdullah Ejaz¹  Syed Ahmad Saad Gillani²  Durdana Qaiser Gillani²  Cristi Spulbar³  Ramona Birau⁴  Elizabeth Coker-Farrell⁵  Muhammad Zahid Naeem⁶ 

[1] Accounting Department, Bredin College of Business and Health Care, Edmonton, AB T5J 0K1, Canada;Department of Economics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 56000, Pakistan;Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania;Faculty of Education Science, Law and Public Administration, C-tin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu, 210135 Targu Jiu, Romania;Faculty of Management, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB T5B 4E4, Canada;UBD School of Business and Economics, University of Brunei Darussalam (UBD), Gadong BE-1410, Brunei;

关键词: government health expenditures;    immunization;    ecological footprint consumption;    Asian economies;    child mortality;    public financing;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su13126824

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Health has vital importance in maintaining economic development since it is essential for, and a result of, economic development. This indicates that health makes a large contribution in achieving sustainable development and health outcomes. The significance of health is shown in the millennium development goals (MDGs) and in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), where four of the seventeen objectives focus on improving health outcomes (UN, 2021). As compared to other countries, some Asian countries are still worse off regarding health outcomes and are facing challenges in achieving positive outcomes for such goals. This study mainly focuses on identifying the link between public health expenditures and health outcomes in nine Asian economies from 2000 to 2018. The study implements fixed effects panel data estimations by using the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the suitable estimator for the study. The empirical results from the fixed effects technique show that immunization, GDP per capita, trade openness, and utilization of basic water service facilities improve under-five and infant mortality in Asian economies. However, ecological footprint increases under-five and infant deaths by damaging the environment.

【 授权许可】

Unknown