Oxidative Stress and Lipid Mediators Modulate Immune Cell Functions in Autoimmune Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Piotr Wójcik¹  Agnieszka Gęgotek¹  Elżbieta Skrzydlewska¹  Neven Žarković² 

[1] Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;

关键词: lipid mediators;    endocannabinoids;    ROS;    prostaglandins;    oxidative stress;    immunity;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms22020723

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatic arthritis (RA), are caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors that lead to overactivation of immune cells and chronic inflammation. Since oxidative stress is a common feature of these diseases, which activates leukocytes to intensify inflammation, antioxidants could reduce the severity of these diseases. In addition to activating leukocytes, oxidative stress increases the production of lipid mediators, notably of endocannabinoids and eicosanoids, which are products of enzymatic lipid metabolism that act through specific receptors. Because the anti-inflammatory CB2 receptors are the predominant cannabinoid receptors in leukocytes, endocannabinoids are believed to act as anti-inflammatory factors that regulate compensatory mechanisms in autoimmune diseases. While administration of eicosanoids in vitro leads to the differentiation of lymphocytes into T helper 2 (Th2) cells, eicosanoids are also necessary for the different0iation of Th1 and Th17 cells. Therefore, their antagonists and/or the genetic deletion of their receptors abolish inflammation in animal models of psoriasis—RA and SLE. On the other hand, products of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation, especially acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, mostly generated by an oxidative burst of granulocytes, may enhance inflammation and even acting as autoantigens and extracellular signaling molecules in the vicious circle of autoimmune diseases.

【 授权许可】

Unknown