Hookah smoking is strongly associated with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity: a population-based study

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Mohsen Moohebati¹  Maryam Tayefi¹  Seyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh¹  Ali Reza Heidari-Bakavoli¹  Habibollah Esmaily¹  Mahmoud Ebrahimi²  Abolfazl Nosrati Tirkani³  Susan Darroudi⁴  Gordon A. Ferns⁵  Sara Saffar Soflaei⁶  Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan⁶ 

[1] Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences;Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences;Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences;Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton;Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences;

关键词: Smoking;    Cigarette;    Hookah;    Water-pipe;    Metabolic syndrome;    Diabetes;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13098-018-0335-4

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Objectives The adverse effects of cigarette smoking have been widely studied before, whilst the effects of hookah smoking has received less attention, although it is a common habit in the Middle East. Here we have investigated the effects of cigarette and hookah smoking on biochemical characteristics in a representative population sample derived from the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study, from Northeastern Iran. Study design A total of 9840 subjects from the MASHAD population study were allocated to five groups; non-smokers (6742), ex-smokers (976), cigarette smokers (864), hookah smokers (1067), concomitant cigarette and hookah smokers (41). Methods Baseline characteristics were recorded in a questionnaire. Biochemical characteristics were measured by routine methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results After adjustment for age and sex; the presence of CVD, obesity, metabolic syndrome, DM and dyslipidemia were significantly (p < 0.001) related to smoking status. After multivariate analysis, HDL (p < 0.001), WBC (p < 0.001), MCV (p < 0.05), PLT (p < 0.01) and RDW (p < 0.001), and the presence of CVD (p < 0.01), obesity (p < 0.001), metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05) and DM (p < 0.01) remained significant between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Between hookah smokers and non-smokers; uric acid (p < 0.001), PLT (p < 0.05) and RDW (p < 0.05), and the presence of obesity (p < 0.01), metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.01) and dyslipidemia (p < 0.01) remained significant after logistic regression. Conclusion There was a positive association between hookah smoking and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia which was not established in cigarette smoking.

【 授权许可】

Unknown