Can Encapsulation of the Biocide DCOIT Affect the Anti-Fouling Efficacy and Toxicity on Tropical Bivalves?

Applied Sciences

Roberto Martins¹  JulianaVitoria Nicolau dos Santos²  DenisMoledo de Souza Abessa²  MarianaBruni Marques do Prado e Silva²  MayanaKaroline Fontes²  FernandoCesar Perina²  BrunoGalvão de Campos²  Frederico Maia³ 

[1] CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;NEPEA—Núcleo de Estudos sobre Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus do Litoral Paulista (UNESP-CLP), São Vicente 11330-900, Brazil;Smallmatek—Small Materials and Technologies, Lda., Rua Canhas, 3810-075 Aveiro, Portugal;

关键词: Perna perna;    biofouling;    nanotechnology;    toxicity;   

DOI  :  10.3390/app10238579

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The encapsulation of the biocide DCOIT in mesoporous silica nanocapsules (SiNC) has been applied to reduce the leaching rate and the associated environmental impacts of coatings containing this biocide. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of DCOIT in both free and nanostructured forms (DCOIT vs. SiNC-DCOIT, respectively) and the unloaded SiNC on different life stages of the bivalve Perna perna: (a) gametes (fertilization success), (b) embryos (larval development), and (c) juveniles mussels (byssus threads production and air survival after 72 h of aqueous exposure). The effects on fertilization success showed high toxicity of DCOIT (40 min-EC₅₀ = 0.063 μg L⁻¹), followed by SiNC-DCOIT (8.6 μg L⁻¹) and SiNC (161 μg L⁻¹). The estimated 48 h-EC₅₀ of SiNC, DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT on larval development were 39.8, 12.4 and 6.8 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The estimated 72 h-EC₅₀ for byssus thread production were 96.1 and 305.5 µg L⁻¹, for free DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT, respectively. Air survival was significantly reduced only for mussels exposed to free DCOIT. Compared to its free form, SiNC-DCOIT presented a balanced alternative between efficacy and toxicity, inhibiting efficiently the development of the target stage (larvae that is prone to settle) and satisfactorily preventing the juvenile attachment.

【 授权许可】

Unknown