Advances in Technological Research for Online and In Situ Water Quality Monitoring—A Review

Sustainability

José Artur Teixeira Brasil¹  Marcel Tremblay²  Gabriel Marinho e Silva³  Daiane Ferreira Campos³  Eduardo Mario Mendiondo³  Filippo Ghiglieno⁴ 

[1] College of Engineering and Integrated Design (CEID), University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;Department of Correction, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Milford, MA 01757, USA;Department of Hydraulics Engineering and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;

关键词: water quality;    in situ;    sensors;    green technology;    water monitoring;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su14095059

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Monitoring water quality is an essential tool for the control of pollutants and pathogens that can cause damage to the environment and human health. However, water quality analysis is usually performed in laboratory environments, often with the use of high-cost equipment and qualified professionals. With the progress of nanotechnology and the advance in engineering materials, several studies have shown, in recent years, the development of technologies aimed at monitoring water quality, with the ability to reduce the costs of analysis and accelerate the achievement of results for management and decision-making. In this work, a review was carried out on several low-cost developed technologies and applied in situ for water quality monitoring. Thus, new alternative technologies for the main physical (color, temperature, and turbidity), chemical (chlorine, fluorine, phosphorus, metals, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, and oxidation–reduction potential), and biological (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, algae, and cyanobacteria) water quality parameters were described. It was observed that there has been an increase in the number of publications related to the topic in recent years, mainly since 2012, with 641 studies being published in 2021. The main new technologies developed are based on optical or electrochemical sensors, however, due to the recent development of these technologies, more robust analyses and evaluations in real conditions are essential to guarantee the precision and repeatability of the methods, especially when it is desirable to compare the values with government regulatory standards.

【 授权许可】

Unknown