Highly Specific Memory B Cells Generation after the 2nd Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine Compensate for the Decline of Serum Antibodies and Absence of Mucosal IgA

Cells

Donato Amodio¹  Nicola Cotugno¹  Alessandra Ruggiero¹  Marta Luisa Ciofi Degli Atti²  Franco Locatelli³  Carlo Federico Perno⁴  Ane Fernandez Salinas⁴  Rita Carsetti⁴  Eva Piano Mortari⁴  Claudia Alteri⁴  Sara Terreri⁴  Christian Albano⁴  Paolo Romania⁴  Tiziana Corsetti⁵  Cristina Russo⁶  Giulia Linardos⁶  Luana Coltella⁶  Luna Colagrossi⁶  Marilena Agosta⁶  Livia Piccioni⁶  Stefania Ranno⁶  Concetta Castilletti⁷  Chiara Agrati⁷  Silvia Meschi⁷  Daniela Giorgio⁸  Guglielmo Salvatori⁸  Nicoletta Russo⁸  Salvatore Zaffina⁹  Maria Rosaria Vinci⁹  Vincenzo Camisa⁹  Annapaola Santoro⁹  Rita Brugaletta⁹  Nicola Magnavita^1,10  Emiliano Pavoni^1,11  Giuseppe Roscilli^1,11 

[1] Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;Department of Hematology/Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy;Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 2, 00146 Rome, Italy;Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Human Milk Bank, Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy;Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;Takis s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy;

关键词: memory B cells;    BNT162b2;    IgA;    vaccine;    SARS-CoV-2;    immunity;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cells10102541

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Specific memory B cells and antibodies are a reliable read-out of vaccine efficacy. We analysed these biomarkers after one and two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. The second dose significantly increases the level of highly specific memory B cells and antibodies. Two months after the second dose, specific antibody levels decline, but highly specific memory B cells continue to increase, thus predicting a sustained protection from COVID-19. We show that although mucosal IgA is not induced by the vaccination, memory B cells migrate in response to inflammation and secrete IgA at mucosal sites. We show that the first vaccine dose may lead to an insufficient number of highly specific memory B cells and low concentration of serum antibodies, thus leaving vaccinees without the immune robustness needed to ensure viral elimination and herd immunity. We also clarify that the reduction of serum antibodies does not diminish the force and duration of the immune protection induced by vaccination. The vaccine does not induce sterilizing immunity. Infection after vaccination may be caused by the lack of local preventive immunity because of the absence of mucosal IgA.

【 授权许可】

Unknown