Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies From 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Dara Entekhabi¹  Marco Brogioni²  Giovanni Macelloni²  Lars Kaleschke³  Shannon T. Brown⁴  Mustafa Aksoy⁵  Michael Durand⁶  Joel T. Johnson⁷  Alexandra Bringer⁷  Caglar Yardim⁷  Oguz Demir⁷  Julie Z. Miller⁷  Jinzheng Peng⁸  Roger DeRoo⁹  Brooke Medley⁹  Andreas Colliander⁹  Rajat Bindlish⁹  David M. LeVine⁹  Jeffrey R. Piepmeier⁹  Peggy E. OaNeill⁹  Steven Chan^1,10  Emmanuel P. Dinnat^1,10  Ron Kwok^1,10  Joseph A. MacGregor^1,10  Sidharth Misra^1,10  Yann Kerr^1,10  Tong Lee^1,11  Chi-Chih Chen^1,12  Kenneth C. Jezek^1,12  Jeffrey P. Walker^1,13  Mark Drinkwater^1,13  Nan Ye^1,13  Leung Tsang^1,13  Mark J. Andrews^1,14 

[1] CNES, CESBIO, Toulouse Cedex 9, France;Department of Remote Sensing, Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred-Wegener-Institut f&x00FC;Earth Observations, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA;Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA;ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, OH, ColumbusUSA;MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA;NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA;NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA;Polar Science Center, University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA;School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;r Polar und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany;

关键词: Earth observations;    microwave radiometry;   

DOI  :  10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3073286

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Microwave radiometry has provided valuable spaceborne observations of Earth's geophysical properties for decades. The recent SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP satellites have demonstrated the value of measurements at 1400 MHz for observing surface soil moisture, sea surface salinity, sea ice thickness, soil freeze/thaw state, and other geophysical variables. However, the information obtained is limited by penetration through the subsurface at 1400 MHz and by a reduced sensitivity to surface salinity in cold or wind-roughened waters. Recent airborne experiments have shown the potential of brightness temperature measurements from 500–1400 MHz to address these limitations by enabling sensing of soil moisture and sea ice thickness to greater depths, sensing of temperature deep within ice sheets, improved sensing of sea salinity in cold waters, and enhanced sensitivity to soil moisture under vegetation canopies. However, the absence of significant spectrum reserved for passive microwave measurements in the 500–1400 MHz band requires both an opportunistic sensing strategy and systems for reducing the impact of radio-frequency interference. Here, we summarize the potential advantages and applications of 500–1400 MHz microwave radiometry for Earth observation and review recent experiments and demonstrations of these concepts. We also describe the remaining questions and challenges to be addressed in advancing to future spaceborne operation of this technology along with recommendations for future research activities.

【 授权许可】

Unknown