Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand

Toxics

Chanapa Bumrungchai¹  Noppanun Nankongnab¹  Jutamanee Chungcharoen¹  Nichcha Kallayanatham¹  Sumate Pengpumkiat¹  Pornpimol Kongtip¹  Susan Woskie² 

[1] Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854-2867, USA;

关键词: organophosphate metabolites;    metabolic biomarkers;    conventional farmers;    organic farmers;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxics9120335

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are used by most farmers to remove insects and to increase productivity; however, questions remain on the long-term health impacts of their use. This study assessed the relationship between OP biomarker levels and metabolic biomarker parameters. Conventional farmers (n = 213) and organic farmers (n = 225) were recruited, interviewed, and had physical health examinations. Serum glucose and lipid profiles, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. The average age, gender, education, and self-reported agricultural work time, work in second jobs, smoking status, alcohol consumption, insecticide use at home, home location near farmlands and years of pesticide use were significantly different between the conventional and organic farmers. The urinary OP metabolite levels were also significantly different between the two groups. With an increase in urinary diethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate and dialkyl phosphate metabolites, the total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, were significantly increased for all farmers after controlling for age, gender, alcohol consumption, years of pesticide use, and home location near farmlands. The results are consistent with our previous studies which suggests that pesticide usage, especially organophosphates, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke among Thai farmers.

【 授权许可】

Unknown