To Infection and Beyond: The Multi-Pronged Anti-Cancer Mechanisms of Oncolytic Viruses

Viruses

Kevin A. Cassady¹  Timothy P. Cripe¹  Kellie B. Haworth¹  James M. Markert²  Josh Jackson³ 

[1] Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;School of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;

关键词: oncolytic virotherapy;    immunotherapy;    cancer;   

DOI  :  10.3390/v8020043

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Over the past 1–2 decades we have witnessed a resurgence of efforts to therapeutically exploit the attributes of lytic viruses to infect and kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells. We now appreciate that the utility of viruses for treating cancer extends far beyond lytic cell death. Viruses are also capable of eliciting humoral and cellular innate and adaptive immune responses that may be directed not only at virus-infected cells but also at uninfected cancer cells. Here we review our current understanding of this bystander effect, and divide the mechanisms into lytic, cytokine, innate cellular, and adaptive phases. Knowing the key pathways and molecular players during virus infection in the context of the cancer microenvironment will be critical to devise strategies to maximize the therapeutic effects of oncolytic viroimmunotherapy.

【 授权许可】

Unknown