Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Inge Mertens¹  Eline Oeyen¹  Marcella Baldewijns²  Lucien Hoekx³  Stefan De Wachter³  Filip Ameye⁴ 

[1] Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium;Pathological Anatomy Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium;Urology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium;Urology Department, General Hospital Maria Middelares Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;

关键词: extracellular vesicles;    bladder cancer;    biomarkers;    urine;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms20040821

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Diagnostic methods currently used for bladder cancer are cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive tool and has low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ. Urine cytology is non-invasive, is a low-cost method, and has a high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors. Despite the search for urinary biomarkers for the early and non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, no biomarkers are used at the present in daily clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently studied as a promising source of biomarkers because of their role in intercellular communication and tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved urine tests to detect bladder cancer and why their use is not widespread in clinical practice. We also include non-FDA approved urinary biomarkers in this review. We describe the role of EVs in bladder cancer and their possible role as biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. We review recently discovered EV-derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

【 授权许可】

Unknown