The Pro-Oxidant Activity of Pheomelanin is Significantly Enhanced by UVA Irradiation: Benzothiazole Moieties Are More Reactive than Benzothiazine Moieties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Shosuke Ito¹  Yui Yamashita¹  Kana Umezawa¹  Hitomi Tanaka¹  Kazumasa Wakamatsu¹  Tomohisa Hirobe² 

[1] Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan;Laboratory for Cell Culture and Pathology, Shinjuku Skin Clinic, Kawase Building BF1, Shinjuku 3-17-5, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan;

关键词: pheomelanin;    mouse;    benzothiazole;    benzothiazine;    pro-oxidant activity;    melanoma;    reactive oxygen species;    ultraviolet-A;    glutathione;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms19102889

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

It is generally considered that eumelanin (EM) is photoprotective while pheomelanin (PM) is phototoxic. A recent study using a mouse model demonstrated that PM produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause DNA damage and eventually lead to melanomagenesis. A biochemical study showed that PM possesses a pro-oxidant activity. PM consists of benzothiazine (BT) and benzothiazole (BZ) moieties, BT moieties being transformed to BZ moieties by heat or light. In this study, we compared the effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation using synthetic PMs with different BT to BZ ratios and using various coat color mouse hairs. We found that UVA irradiation of BZ-PM increased glutathione (GSH) depletion and generated more H2O2 than UVA irradiation of BT-PM. Non-irradiated controls did not exhibit strong pro-oxidant activities. Upon UVA irradiation, yellow mouse hairs oxidized GSH and produced H2O2 faster than black or albino mouse hairs. Next, to examine the mechanism of the pro-oxidant activity of BT-PM and BZ-PM, we examined the pro-oxidant activities of 7-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-dihydro-1,4-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid (DHBTCA) and 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzothiazole (BZ-AA) as BT and BZ monomers, respectively. Their pro-oxidant activities were similar, but a large difference was seen in the effects of ROS scavengers, which suggests that the redox reactions may proceed via singlet oxygen in BZ-AA and via superoxide anions in DHBTCA. These results show that UVA enhances the pro-oxidant activity of PM, in particular BZ-PM.

【 授权许可】

Unknown