Uncommon Subtypes of Malignant Melanomas: A Review Based on Clinical and Molecular Perspectives

Cancers

Yanina Pfluger¹  Martín Angel¹  Diego Enrico¹  Federico Waisberg¹  Matías Chacón¹ 

[1] Department of Medical Oncology, Alexander Fleming Cancer Institute, Buenos Aires 1426, Argentina;

关键词: rare melanomas;    uncommon melanomas;    targeted therapy;    immunotherapy;    mucosal melanoma;    uveal melanoma;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers12092362

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Malignant melanoma represents the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Modern therapies, including targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have changed the dismal prognosis that characterized this disease. However, most evidence was obtained by studying patients with frequent subtypes of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Consequently, there is an emerging need to understand the molecular basis and treatment approaches for unusual melanoma subtypes. Even a standardized definition of infrequent or rare melanoma is not clearly established. For that reason, we reviewed this challenging topic considering clinical and molecular perspectives, including uncommon CMs—not associated with classical V600E/K BRAF mutations—malignant mucosal and uveal melanomas, and some unusual independent entities, such as amelanotic, desmoplastic, or spitzoid melanomas. Finally, we collected information regarding melanomas from non-traditional primary sites, which emerge from locations as unique as meninges, dermis, lymph nodes, the esophagus, and breasts. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the main scientific evidence regarding rare melanomas, with a particular focus on treatment perspectives.

【 授权许可】

Unknown