Shipping and Air Quality in Italian Port Cities: State-of-the-Art Analysis of Available Results of Estimated Impacts

Atmosphere

Andrea Gambaro¹  Elena Gregoris¹  Daniele Contini²  Eva Merico²  Daniela Cesari²  Marco Cordella³ 

[1]Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy

[2]Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAC), S.P. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy

[3]Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy

关键词: harbour air quality;    maritime transport;    shipping impact;    particulate matter;    gaseous pollutants;    shipping emissions;   

DOI  :  10.3390/atmos12050536

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Populated coastal areas are exposed to emissions from harbour-related activities (ship traffic, loading/unloading, and internal vehicular traffic), posing public health issues and environmental pressures on climate. Due to the strategic geographical position of Italy and the high number of ports along coastlines, an increasing concern about maritime emissions from Italian harbours has been made explicit in the EU and IMO (International Maritime Organization, London, UK) agenda, also supporting the inclusion in a potential Mediterranean emission control area (MedECA). This work reviews the main available outcomes concerning shipping (and harbours’) contributions to local air quality, particularly in terms of concentration of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants (mainly nitrogen and sulphur oxides), in the main Italian hubs. Maritime emissions from literature and disaggregated emission inventories are discussed. Furthermore, estimated impacts to air quality, obtained with dispersion and receptor modeling approaches, which are the most commonly applied methodologies, are discussed. Results show a certain variability that suggests the necessity of harmonization among methods and input data in order to compare results. The analysis gives a picture of the effects of this pollution source, which could be useful for implementing effective mitigation strategies at a national level.

【 授权许可】

Unknown