Numerical Investigation on Forced Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Inside a Three-Dimensional Annulus Equipped with Hot and Cold Rods: Using Symmetry Simulation

Symmetry

Mostafa Safdari Shadloo¹  AhmedKadhim Hussein²  Behzad Heidarshenas³  Mohammad Badri⁴  Aysan Shahsavar Goldanlou⁵  Sara Rostami⁶ 

[1] CORIA-UMR 6614, CNRS & INSA of Rouen, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France;College of Engineering—Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Babylon, Babylon 51001, Iraq;College of Mechanical of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan 8731753153, Iran;Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;

关键词: steady-state solution;    forced convection;    hybrid nanofluid;    Nusselt number;    streamlines;   

DOI  :  10.3390/sym12111873

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

A 3D computational fluid dynamics method is used in the current study to investigate the hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow and heat transfer in an annulus with hot and cold rods. The chief goal of the current study is to examine the influences of dissimilar Reynolds numbers, emissivity coefficients, and dissimilar volume fractions of nanoparticles on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of the studied annulus. In this way, the geometry is modeled using a symmetry scheme. The heat transfer fluid is a water, ethylene–glycol, or water/ethylene–glycol mixture-based Cu-Al₂O₃ HNF, which is a Newtonian NF. According to the findings for the model at Re = 3000 and ${\varphi }_1$ = 0.05, all studied cases with different base fluids have similar behavior. ϕ₁ and ϕ₂ are the volume concentration of Al₂O₃ and Cu nanoparticles, respectively. For all studied cases, the total average Nusselt number (Nu_ave) reduces firstly by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles until ${\varphi }_2$ = 0.01 or 0.02 and then, the total Nu_ave rises by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles. Additionally, for the case with water as the base fluid, the total Nu_ave at ${\varphi }_2$ = 0.05 is higher than the values at ${\varphi }_2$ = 0.00. On the other hand, for the other cases, the total Nu_ave at ${\varphi }_2$ = 0.05 is lower than the values at ${\varphi }_2$ = 0.00. For all studied cases, the case with water as the base fluid has the maximum Nu_ave. Plus, for the model at Re = 4000 and ${\varphi }_1$ = 0.05, all studied cases with different base fluids have similar behavior. For all studied cases, the total Nu_ave reduces firstly by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles until ${\varphi }_2$ = 0.01 and then, the total Nu_ave rises by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles. The Nu_ave augments are found by an increment of Reynolds numbers. Higher emissivity values should lead to higher radiation heat transfer, but the portion of radiative heat transfer in the studied annulus is low and therefore, has no observable increment in HNF flow and heat transfer.

【 授权许可】

Unknown