FrameAxis: characterizing microframe bias and intensity with word embedding

PeerJ Computer Science

Elise Jing¹  Yong-Yeol Ahn¹  Jisun An²  Haewoon Kwak² 

[1] Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University at Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America;School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore;

关键词: Framing;    Media bias;    Microframe;    SemAxis;    Word embedding;    Antonyms;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj-cs.644

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Framing is a process of emphasizing a certain aspect of an issue over the others, nudging readers or listeners towards different positions on the issue even without making a biased argument. Here, we propose FrameAxis, a method for characterizing documents by identifying the most relevant semantic axes (“microframes”) that are overrepresented in the text using word embedding. Our unsupervised approach can be readily applied to large datasets because it does not require manual annotations. It can also provide nuanced insights by considering a rich set of semantic axes. FrameAxis is designed to quantitatively tease out two important dimensions of how microframes are used in the text. Microframe bias captures how biased the text is on a certain microframe, and microframe intensity shows how prominently a certain microframe is used. Together, they offer a detailed characterization of the text. We demonstrate that microframes with the highest bias and intensity align well with sentiment, topic, and partisan spectrum by applying FrameAxis to multiple datasets from restaurant reviews to political news. The existing domain knowledge can be incorporated into FrameAxis by using custom microframes and by using FrameAxis as an iterative exploratory analysis instrument. Additionally, we propose methods for explaining the results of FrameAxis at the level of individual words and documents. Our method may accelerate scalable and sophisticated computational analyses of framing across disciplines.

【 授权许可】

Unknown