Spatial Analysis of Groundwater Hydrochemistry through Integrated Multivariate Analysis: A Case Study in the Urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

KuMohd Kalkausar Ku Yusof¹  LeyJuen Looi²  NoorainMohd Isa²  NurFatihah Mohamad Zainol²  AzimHaziq Zainuddin³  AhmadZaharin Aris³  Anuar Sefie⁴ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia;Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Malaysia;International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Malaysia;National Water Research Institute of Malaysia, Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Seri Kembangan 43300, Malaysia;

关键词: groundwater assessment;    groundwater quality;    multivariate statistical analysis;    heavy metals;    major ions;    weathering;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph18115733

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Langat Basin has disturbed the groundwater quality. The populations’ reliance on groundwater sources may induce possible risks to human health such as cancer and endocrine dysfunction. This study aims to determine the groundwater quality of an urbanized basin through 24 studied hydrochemical parameters from 45 groundwater samples obtained from 15 different sampling stations by employing integrated multivariate analysis. The abundance of the major ions was in the following order: bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) > chloride (Cl⁻) > sodium (Na⁺) > sulphate (SO₄²⁻) > calcium (Ca²⁺) > potassium (K⁺) > magnesium (Mg²⁺). Heavy metal dominance was in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > As > Hg > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Se > Sr. Classification of the groundwater facies indicated that the studied groundwater belongs to the Na-Cl with saline water type and Na-HCO₃ with mix water type characteristics. The saline water type characteristics are derived from agricultural activities, while the mixed water types occur from water–rock interaction. Multivariate analysis performance suggests that industrial, agricultural, and weathering activities have contributed to groundwater contamination. The study will help in the understanding of the groundwater quality issue and serve as a reference for other basins with similar characteristics.

【 授权许可】

Unknown