Associations between sources of particle number and mortality in four European cities

Environment International

Laia Vicens¹  Klea Katsouyanni²  Jordi Sunyer²  Markku Kulmala³  Xavier Querol³  Aurelio Tobías³  Heather Walton⁴  Xavier Basagaña⁵  Juha Pekkanen⁵  Andrés Alastuey⁵  Christoph Hüglin⁶  Roy M. Harrison⁶  Frank J. Kelly⁷  Ioar Rivas⁸ 

[1] Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;CSIC Associated Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Air Quality (UA EEQ), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain;Corresponding author at: Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.;Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain;Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;

关键词: Ultrafine particles;    Particle Number;    Sources of Ultrafine Particles;    Daily mortality;    Time Series;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Background: The evidence on the association between ultrafine (UFP) particles and mortality is still inconsistent. Moreover, health effects of specific UFP sources have not been explored. We assessed the impact of UFP sources on daily mortality in Barcelona, Helsinki, London, and Zurich. Methods: UFP sources were previously identified and quantified for the four cities: daily contributions of photonucleation, two traffic sources (fresh traffic and urban, with size mode around 30 nm and 70 nm, respectively), and secondary aerosols were obtained from data from an urban background station. Different periods were investigated in each city: Barcelona 2013–2016, Helsinki 2009–2016, London 2010–2016, and Zurich 2011–2014. The associations between total particle number concentrations (PNC) and UFP sources and daily (natural, cardiovascular [CVD], and respiratory) mortality were investigated using city-specific generalized linear models (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression. Results: We found inconsistent results across cities, sources, and lags for associations with natural, CVD, and respiratory mortality. Increased risk was observed for total PNC and natural mortality in Helsinki (lag 2; 1.3% [0.07%, 2.5%]), CVD mortality in Barcelona (lag 1; 3.7% [0.17%, 7.4%]) and Zurich (lag 0; 3.8% [0.31%, 7.4%]), and respiratory mortality in London (lag 3; 2.6% [0.84%, 4.45%]) and Zurich (lag 1; 9.4% [1.0%, 17.9%]). A similar pattern of associations between health outcomes and total PNC was followed by the fresh traffic source, for which we also found the same associations and lags as for total PNC. The urban source (mostly aged traffic) was associated with respiratory mortality in Zurich (lag 1; 12.5% [1.7%, 24.2%]) and London (lag 3; 2.4% [0.90%, 4.0%]) while the secondary source was associated with respiratory mortality in Zurich (lag 1: 12.0% [0.63%, 24.5%]) and Helsinki (4.7% [0.11%, 9.5%]). Reduced risk for the photonucleation source was observed for respiratory mortality in Barcelona (lag 2, −8.6% [−14.5%, −2.4%]) and for CVD mortality in Helsinki, as this source is present only in clean atmospheres (lag 1, −1.48 [−2.75, −0.21]). Conclusions: We found inconsistent results across cities, sources and lags for associations with natural, CVD, and respiratory mortality.

【 授权许可】

Unknown