Maintenance and loss of endocytic organelle integrity: mechanisms and implications for antigen cross-presentation

Open Biology

Caetano Reis e Sousa¹  Conor M. Henry¹  Eleanor Childs¹  Johnathan Canton² 

[1] Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK;Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;

关键词: endosome;    phagosome;    membrane damage;    membrane repair;    cross-presentation;    endosomal escape;   

DOI  :  10.1098/rsob.210194

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The membranes of endosomes, phagosomes and macropinosomes can become damaged by the physical properties of internalized cargo, by active pathogenic invasion or by cellular processes, including endocytic maturation. Loss of membrane integrity is often deleterious and is, therefore, prevented by mitigation and repair mechanisms. However, it can occasionally be beneficial and actively induced by cells. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which cells, in particular phagocytes, try to prevent membrane damage and how, when this fails, they repair or destroy damaged endocytic organelles. We also detail how one type of phagocyte, the dendritic cell, can deliberately trigger localized damage to endocytic organelles to allow for major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous antigens and initiation of CD8+ T-cell responses to viruses and tumours. Our review highlights mechanisms for the regulation of endocytic organelle membrane integrity at the intersection of cell biology and immunology that could be co-opted for improving vaccination and intracellular drug delivery.

【 授权许可】

Unknown