A Positive Climatic Trend in the Global Offshore Wind Power

Frontiers in Energy Research

Yong Wei¹  Xiao-feng Zhao²  Yan-yan Tian³  Wen Zhou⁴  Ding-jiang Wei⁵  Xin Jin⁵  Shuai-dong Jia⁵  Cheng-tao Yi⁵  Wei Li⁵  Di Wu⁵  Yun-ge Chen⁵  Yong Wang⁵  Wen-kai Zhang⁷  De-chuan Yu⁸  Chong-wei Zheng⁹  Chong Shen^1,10  Zi-niu Xiao^1,11  Xiao-lu Wang^1,12 

[1] 0No. 31008 of PLA, Beijing, China;1College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China;2National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing, China;3Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian, China;Marine Resources and Environment Research Group, Dalian, China;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China;School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, Hainan University, Haikou, China;State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;Yantai Central Station of Marine Environmental Monitoring, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s of China, Yantai, China;Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China;

关键词: global ocean;    wind energy resource;    wind power density;    effective wind speed occurrence;    rich level occurrence;    climatic trend;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fenrg.2022.867642

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The climatic variation of offshore wind energy has a close relationship with the long-term plan of energy utilization. However, the work on this aspect is scarce and mainly focuses on the variation of wind power density (WPD). There is little research on the climatic trends of effective wind speed occurrence (EWSO) and occurrence of energy level greater than 200 W/m2 (rich level occurrence, RLO), which are directly related to the available rate and richness of wind energy. Based on the ERA-Interim wind product from the ECMWF, this study calculated the climatic trends of series of key factors of wind energy in the global oceans, including the WPD, EWSO, and RLO. The results show that the wind energy exhibits a positive trend globally for the past 36 years, with overall annual increasing trends in WPD, EWSO, and RLO, of 0.698 (W/m2)/yr, 0.076%/yr, and 0.090%/yr separately. The annual trend exhibits evident regional differences. The areas with significant increasing trends are mainly distributed in the mid- low-latitude waters of global oceans and part of the southern hemisphere westerlies. The annual increasing trend of WPD is strongest in the southern westerlies, especially in the extratropical South Pacific (ETSP), of about 1.64 (W/m2)/yr. The annual increasing trends of EWSO and RLO are strongest in the tropical waters, especially the tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO), of 0.17%/yr and 0.19%/yr separately. The annual and seasonal WPD, EWSO, and RLO in most global oceans have significant increasing trends or no significant variation, meaning that the wind energy trends are rich or stable, which is beneficial for energy development. The climatic trends of wind energy are dominated by different time periods. There is no evident abrupt change of wind energy in the extratropical waters globally and tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO). The abrupt periods of wind energy in the TIO and TPO occurred in the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The wind energy of the South China Sea, Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal and nino3 index share a common period of approximately 5 years. The offshore wind energy was controlled by an oscillating phenomenon.

【 授权许可】

Unknown