LncRNAs as Regulators of Autophagy and Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer

Frontiers in Oncology

Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo¹  Rosalío Ramos-Payán¹  Maribel Aguilar-Medina¹  Mercedes Bermúdez¹  Mariana Avendaño-Félix¹  Erika Silva-Benítez²  Cesar López-Camarillo³ 

[1] Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico;Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico;Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico;

关键词: lncRNA;    colorectal cancer;    autophagy;    chemoresistance;    drug resistance;    macroautophagy;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fonc.2019.01008

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with 1. 8 million cases in 2018. Autophagy helps to maintain an adequate cancer microenvironment in order to provide nutritional supplement under adverse conditions such as starvation and hypoxia. Additionally, most of the cases of CRC are unresponsive to chemotherapy, representing a significant challenge for cancer therapy. Recently, autophagy induced by therapy has been shown as a unique mechanism of resistance to anticancer drugs. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) analysis are important for cancer detection, progression, diagnosis, therapy response, and prognostic values. With increasing development of quantitative detection techniques, lncRNAs derived from patients' non-invasive samples (i.e., blood, stools, and urine) has become into a novel approach in precision oncology. Tumorspecific GAS5, HOTAIR, H19, and MALAT are novels CRC related lncRNAs detected in patients. Nonetheless, the effect and mechanism of lncRNAs in cancer autophagy and chemoresistance have not been extensively characterized. Chemoresistance and autophagy are relevant for cancer treatment and lncRNAs play a pivotal role in resistance acquisition for several drugs. LncRNAs such as HAGLROS, KCNQ1OT1, and H19 are examples of lncRNAs related to chemoresistance leaded by autophagy. Finally, clinical implications of lncRNAs in CRC are relevant, since they have been associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, histological grade, histological types, Dukes staging, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, recurrent free survival, and overall survival (OS).

【 授权许可】

Unknown