Evolution of Green Space under Rapid Urban Expansion in Southeast Asian Cities

Sustainability

Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso¹  Abdul Hafidz Yusoff²  Norfadhilah Ibrahim²  Rohazaini Muhammad Jamil³  Amal Najihah Muhamad Nor³  Siti Aisyah Nawawi³  Hasifah Abdul Aziz³  Muhamad Azahar Abas³  Kamarul Ariffin Hambali³  Nur Hairunnisa Rafaai⁴  Jim Harris⁵  Ron Corstanje⁵  Darren Grafius⁵ 

[1] Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA;Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia;Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia;Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Malaysia;School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK;

关键词: green space;    rapid urban expansion;    Southeast Asia cities;    spatiotemporal pattern;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su132112024

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Globally, rapid urban expansion has caused green spaces in urban areas to decline considerably. In this study, the rapid expansion of three Southeast Asia cities were considered, namely, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia; Jakarta, Indonesia; and Metro Manila, Philippines. This study evaluates the changes in spatial and temporal patterns of urban areas and green space structure in the three cities over the last two decades. Land use land cover (LULC) maps of the cities (1988/1989, 1999 and 2014) were developed based on 30-m resolution satellite images. The changes in the landscape and spatial structure were analysed using change detection, landscape metrics and statistical analysis. The percentage of green space in the three cities reduced in size from 45% to 20% with the rapid expansion of urban areas over the 25-year period. In Metro Manila and Jakarta, the proportion of green space converted to urban areas was higher in the initial 1989 to 1999 period than over the latter 1999 to 2014 period. Significant changes in green space structure were observed in Jakarta and Metro Manila. Green space gradually fragmented and became less connected and more unevenly distributed. These changes were not seen in Kuala Lumpur City. Overall, the impact of spatial structure of urban areas and population density on green space is higher in Jakarta and Metro Manila when this is compared to Kuala Lumpur. Thus, the results have the potential to clarify the relative contribution of green space structure especially for cities in Southeast Asia where only a few studies in urban areas have taken place.

【 授权许可】

Unknown