Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening Method

Toxins

Annick Wilmotte¹  Susanna A. Wood²  Jonathan Puddick²  Julia Kleinteich³  David A. Pearce⁴  H. Dail Laughinghouse IV⁵  Daniel R. Dietrich⁶  Falk Hildebrand⁷ 

[1] BCCM/ULC, University of Liege, In-Bios Centre for Protein Engineering, B6, 4000 Liege, Belgium;Cawthron Institute, Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand;Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK;Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA;Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;

关键词: arctic;    benthic mats;    cyanotoxins;    ELISA;    16S rRNA gene;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins10040147

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Cyanobacteria synthesize a large variety of secondary metabolites including toxins. Microcystins (MCs) with hepato- and neurotoxic potential are well studied in bloom-forming planktonic species of temperate and tropical regions. Cyanobacterial biofilms thriving in the polar regions have recently emerged as a rich source for cyanobacterial secondary metabolites including previously undescribed congeners of microcystin. However, detection and detailed identification of these compounds is difficult due to unusual sample matrices and structural congeners produced. We here report a time-efficient liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) precursor ion screening method that facilitates microcystin detection and identification. We applied this method to detect six different MC congeners in 8 out of 26 microbial mat samples of the Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic. The congeners, of which [Asp3, ADMAdda5, Dhb7] MC-LR was most abundant, were similar to those reported in other polar habitats. Microcystins were also determined using an Adda-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Adda-ELISA). Nostoc sp. was identified as a putative toxin producer using molecular methods that targeted 16S rRNA genes and genes involved in microcystin production. The mcy genes detected showed highest similarities to other Arctic or Antarctic sequences. The LC-MS precursor ion screening method could be useful for microcystin detection in unusual matrices such as benthic biofilms or lichen.

【 授权许可】

Unknown