LRRK2, GBA and their interaction in the regulation of autophagy: implications on therapeutics in Parkinson's disease

Translational Neurodegeneration

Chi-Ting Leung¹  Michelle Hiu-Wai Kung¹  Rachel Cheuk Nam Lo¹  Philip Wing-Lok Ho¹  Eunice Eun Seo Chang¹  Shu-Leong Ho¹  Yasine Malki¹  Hui-Fang Liu¹  Shirley Yin-Yu Pang¹  Zoe Yuen-Kiu Choi¹  David Boyer Ramsden²  Wing Yan Wong³ 

[1] Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong;Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham;School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong;

关键词: Parkinson’s disease;    Interaction;    LRRK2;    GBA;    GCase;    Mutation;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40035-022-00281-6

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA) represent two most common genetic causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Both genes are important in the autophagic-lysosomal pathway (ALP), defects of which are associated with α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation. LRRK2 regulates macroautophagy via activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) kinase (MEK) and the calcium-dependent adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Phosphorylation of Rab GTPases by LRRK2 regulates lysosomal homeostasis and endosomal trafficking. Mutant LRRK2 impairs chaperone-mediated autophagy, resulting in α-syn binding and oligomerization on lysosomal membranes. Mutations in GBA reduce glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity, leading to glucosylceramide accumulation, α-syn aggregation and broad autophagic abnormalities. LRRK2 and GBA influence each other: GCase activity is reduced in LRRK2 mutant cells, and LRRK2 kinase inhibition can alter GCase activity in GBA mutant cells. Clinically, LRRK2 G2019S mutation seems to modify the effects of GBA mutation, resulting in milder symptoms than those resulting from GBA mutation alone. However, dual mutation carriers have an increased risk of PD and earlier age of onset compared with single mutation carriers, suggesting an additive deleterious effect on the initiation of PD pathogenic processes. Crosstalk between LRRK2 and GBA in PD exists, but its exact mechanism is unclear. Drugs that inhibit LRRK2 kinase or activate GCase are showing efficacy in pre-clinical models. Since LRRK2 kinase and GCase activities are also altered in idiopathic PD (iPD), it remains to be seen if these drugs will be useful in disease modification of iPD.

【 授权许可】

Unknown