Efficiency Increase through Model Predictive Thermal Control of Electric Vehicle Powertrains

Energies

Bicheng Chen¹  Patrick Manns¹  Christof Schernus²  Björn Krautwig³  Jakob Andert³  Alexander Wahl³  Christoph Wellmann³ 

[1] Chair of Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany;FEV Europe GmbH, Neuenhofstr. 181, 52078 Aachen, Germany;Teaching and Research Area Mechatronics in Mobile Propulsion, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany;

关键词: PMSM;    temperature-dependent efficiencies;    economic model predictive control;    thermal field weakening;    active grille shutter;    road transport;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en15041476

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are currently enjoying rising sales figures. However, BEVs still have problems with customer acceptance, partly due to limited driving ranges. To improve the situation, this paper introduces a novel approach utilising temperature-dependent efficiencies using an economic model predictive control approach (MPC) in combination with an active grille shutter in order to accelerate the heating of the permanent magnet synchronous machine. The measurements of temperature-dependent component efficiencies on a powertrain test bench are presented and analysed in detail in the speed/torque range. Thermal models based on the lumped parameter thermal network approach were developed and validated as part of the system-level validation against a US06 wind tunnel measurement. After the build-up and implementation of the MPC, various simulations were conducted. For the investigations, three driving cycles were considered at component start temperatures of 20–80 °C. The results show that using the MPC with the grille shutter can save 0.69–2.02% energy at the HV level compared to the rule-based control with a shutter, of which up to 1.02% is due to temperature-dependent efficiencies. Comparing the MPC with the grille shutter to a vehicle without a shutter, savings of 2.8–4.2% were achieved, while up to 1.67% was achieved due to temperature effects in the powertrain.

【 授权许可】

Unknown