A Study of Opiate, Opiate Metabolites and Antihistamines in Urine after Consumption of Cold Syrups by LC-MS/MS

Molecules

Yin-Jue Chang¹  Ting-Yueh Chen¹  Pin-Jung Lai¹  San-Chong Chyueh¹  Yao-Te Yen¹  Chi-Lun Chang¹ 

[1] Department of Forensic Science, Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23149, Taiwan;

关键词: codeine;    morphine;    heroin;    chlorpheniramine;    carbinoxamine;    cold syrups;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules25040972

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Studying the origin of opiate and/or opiate metabolites in individual urine specimens after consumption of cold syrups is vital for patients, doctors, and law enforcement. A rapid liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry method using “dilute-and-shoot” analysis without the need for extraction, hydrolysis and/or derivatization has been developed and validated. The approach provides linear ranges of 2.5−1000 ng mL⁻¹ for 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, chlorpheniramine, and carbinoxamine, 2.5−800 ng mL⁻¹ for morphine and morphine-3-β-d-glucuronide, and 2.5−600 ng mL⁻¹ for morphine-6-β-d-glucuronide and codeine-6-β-d-glucuronide, with excellent correlation coefficients (R² > 0.995) and matrix effects (< 5%). Urine samples collected from the ten participants orally administered cold syrups were analyzed. The results concluded that participants consuming codeine-containing cold syrups did not routinely pass urine tests for opiates, and their morphine−codeine concentration ratios (M/C) were not always < 1. In addition, the distribution map of the clinical total concentration of the sum of morphine and codeine against the antihistamines (chlorpheniramine or carbinoxamine) were plotted for discrimination of people who used cold syrups. The 15 real cases have been studied by using M/C rule, cutoff value, and distribution map, further revealing a potential approach to determine opiate metabolite in urine originating from cold syrups.

【 授权许可】

Unknown