La cité scolaire de Saint-Nazaire (1953-1970), récit d’un programme d’œuvres « 1 % » à travers son réseau d’acteurs

In Situ

关键词: one percent of Art;    art and architecture;    art integration in architecture;    school architecture;    school campus;    reconstruction;   

DOI  :  10.4000/insitu.15110

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The destruction of Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique) in 1943 and its reconstruction under the aegis of Noël Le Maresquier allowed for an urban redefinition of the city. One of the major projects involved filling a central swamp area to create a landscaped park and sports complex, along with the campus sketched out on its edge, a school embodying renewed educational methods. An art programme was conducted according to the 1 % measures which, since 1951, provided one percent of the sums consecrated to school and university buildings to be allocated to the production of works of art. The school campus project is supported by a network of actors headed by François Blancho (mayor, former State Secretary of the Front Populaire government), by architects – in this case the team of Noël Le Maresquier (architect in chief of the reconstruction of Saint-Nazaire), his father Charles Lemaresquier (architect group leader in charge of the city schools), Louis Blaizeau, Marcel Rauby and André Batillat (project architects in charge of the different buildings composing the school campus) – and by artists, such as the painter Nicolas Untersteller (director of the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, ENSBA) who both created works of art and coordinated the artists’ quartet of Hélène Delaroche, Marcel Chauvenet, Esther Gorbato and Louis Leygue. The decorative programme of the Saint-Nazaire school campus offers them the opportunity to experiment a collaborative practice that architects and painters used to promote. Nicolas Untersteller especially had reformed the monumental Art contest of the ENSBA in 1948 to prepare future artists and architects to meet numerous 1 % orders anticipated, as they moved together with the country’s reconstruction and with its reform of the educational system.

【 授权许可】

Unknown