Neural correlates of schema-dependent episodic memory and association with behavioral flexibility in autism spectrum disorders and typical development

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Xiaozhen You¹  Lauren Kenworthy¹  Cara E. Pugliese¹  Chandan J. Vaidya¹  Junaid S. Merchant²  Kevin M. Cook³  Joseph Bradley Cherry³  Mary Skapek⁴  Meredith D. Powers⁵ 

[1] Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System;Department of Psychology, University of Maryland;Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University;University of Connecticut;University of Virginia;

关键词: Behavioral flexibility;    Medial temporal lobe;    fMRI;    Associative memory;    Prefrontal cortex;    Executive function;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s11689-021-09388-9

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background Conceptual knowledge frameworks termed schemas facilitate memory formation and are posited to support flexible behavior. In adults, the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) trade-off in supporting schema-based memory formation, such that encoding of subsequently remembered schema-congruent information relies on mPFC, whereas schema-incongruent information relies on MTL. Whether this is true in the immature brain and relates to behavioral flexibility is unknown. In this preliminary investigation, we aimed to replicate the adult findings in typically developing (TD) children and to investigate the relevance to behavioral flexibility by examining a disorder with pathognomonic behavioral rigidity, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Children completed an associative subsequent memory paradigm, encoding object-scene pairs in an MRI scanner and subsequently completing a recognition test outside the scanner after a delay. Recognition performance was back sorted to construct remembered vs forgotten contrasts. One-way ANOVAS were conducted in MTL and mPFC masks for schema-congruency, followed by congruency by flexibility scores. Exploratory analyses were then conducted within the whole brain. Results As reported in adults, episodic memory was strongest for schema-congruent object-scene pairs, followed by intermediate pairs, and lowest for schema-incongruent pairs in both TD and ASD groups. However, the trade-off between mPFC and MTL in TD children differed from adult reports such that mPFC supported memory for intermediate schema-congruency and left anterior MTL supported memory for schema-congruent pairs. In ASD, mPFC engagement interacted with flexibility such that activation supporting memory for intermediate schema-congruency varied with parent-reported flexibility and was higher in those with more flexible behavior. A similar interaction was also observed in both the left dorsolateral and rostrolateral PFC in whole-brain analysis. Conclusion Our findings provide the first preliminary evidence for the association of schema-based episodic memory formation and behavioral flexibility, an executive function impaired in multiple developmental disorders. Upon replication, this line of research holds promise for memory-based interventions addressing executive problems of behavioral rigidity.

【 授权许可】

Unknown