Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks

Applied Sciences

Jung-Il Namgung¹  Eunbi Ko²  Soo-Hyun Park²  Sun-Ho Yum³  DelphinRaj K M³  Soo-Young Shin⁴ 

[1] BLUnomous, Kyunggido 12285, Korea;Department of Computer Science, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;Department of Financial Information Security, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;Special Communication Research Center, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;

关键词: multi-band;    multi-media;    adaptation layer;    underwater communication;    visible light communication (VLC);    infrared (IR);    acoustic;   

DOI  :  10.3390/app9153187

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In the last few decades, underwater communication systems have been widely used for the development of navy, military, business, and safety applications, etc. However, in underwater communication systems, there are several challenging issues, such as limitations in bandwidth, propagation delay, 3D topology, media access control, routing, resource utilization, and power constraints. Underwater communication systems work under severe channel conditions such as ambient noise, frequency selectivity, multi-path and Doppler shifts. In order to collect and transmit the data in effective ways, multi-media/multi-band-based adaptation layer technology is proposed in this paper. The underwater communication scenario comprises of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), Surface gateways, sensor nodes, etc. The transmission of data starts from sensor nodes to surface gateway in a hierarchical manner through multiple channels. In order to provide strong and reliable communication underwater, the adaptation layer uses a multi-band/multi-media approach for transferring data. Hence, in this paper, existing techniques for splitting the band such as Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA), or Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are used for splitting the frequency band, and the medium selection mechanism is proposed to carry the signal through different media such as Acoustic, Visible Light Communication (VLC), and Infrared (IR) signals in underwater. For the channel selection mechanism, two phases are involved: 1. Finding the distance of near and far nodes using Manhattan method, and 2. Medium selection and data transferring algorithm for choosing different media.

【 授权许可】

Unknown