Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review

Brain Sciences

Laura Bertolo¹  Sara Massa²  Simonetta D’Amico³  MariaChiara Levorato³  Silvia Piazzalunga⁴  MariaLuisa Lorusso⁵  MariaPaola Colatei⁶  MariaElena Favilla⁷  Chiara Pecini⁸  Simona Vecchi⁹  Barbara Carretti^1,10  Luigi Marotta^1,11  Andrea Marini^1,12  Cristiano Termine^1,13  Stefania Millepiedi^1,14  Alessandra Sansavini^1,15  Mariagrazia Zuccarini^1,15  MariaTeresa Guasti^1,16  Manuela Pieretti^1,17  Letizia Michelazzo^1,17  AnnaGiulia De Cagno^1,17  Tiziana Rossetto^1,17  MariaValeria Di Martino^1,18  Olga Capirci^1,19  Pasquale Rinaldi^1,19  Nadia Battajon^2,20  Cristina Frioni^2,21  Renata Salvadorini^2,22 

[1] AIRIPA Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca e l’Intervento nella Psicopatologia dell’Apprendimento, Via Astichello, 10, 35135, Padova, Galleria G. Berchet, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy;Azienda Usl Toscana Centro, Piazza Santa Maria Nuova 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy;CLASTA—Communication & Language Acquisition Studies in Typical & Atypical Population, Piazza Epiro 12D, 00183 Roma, Italy;Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B.Grassi, 74, 20157 Milano, Italy;Department of Child Psychopathology, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Palazzo Camponeschi, Piazza Santa Margherita 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Allegri 9, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy;Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Complesso di San Salvi, Padiglione 26, Via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Firenze, Italy;Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Rome, Italy;Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy;Department of Intensive and Robotic Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Lungomare Marconi 36, 00058 S. Marinella, Roma, Italy;Department of Language and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, Università di Udine, Via Margreth, 3, 33100 Udine, Italy;Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Ravasi 2, 21100 Varese, Italy;Department of Mental Health, ATNO, Via Cocchi, 7/9, 56121 Pisa, Italy;Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy;Department of Psychology, University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20121 Milano, Italy;Federazione Logopedisti Italiani, Via Daniello Bartoli, 00152 Roma, Italy;Health Professions Integrated Service, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli di Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy;Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via Nomentana 56, 00161 Rome, Italy;Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Mother and Child Department, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, Via Sant’Ambrogio di Fiera, 37, 31100 Treviso, Italy;Studio di Psicoterapia e Riabilitazione dell’età evolutiva, Via Annone 1, 00199 Roma, Italy;UO Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Italy;

关键词: developmental language disorder;    late talkers;    language delay;    early predictors;    screening tools;    diagnostic tools;   

DOI  :  10.3390/brainsci11050654

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children. Methods. We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children. We identified 37 studies, consisting of 10 systematic reviews and 27 primary studies. Results. Delay in gesture production, receptive and/or expressive vocabulary, syntactic comprehension, or word combination up to 30 months emerged as early predictors of DLD, a family history of DLD appeared to be a major risk factor, and low socioeconomic status and environmental input were reported as risk factors with lower predictive power. Optimal time for screening is suggested between age 2 and 3, for diagnosis around age 4. Because of the high variability of sensitivity and specificity values, joint use of standardized and psycholinguistic measures is suggested to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions. Monitoring risk situations and employing caregivers’ reports, clinical assessment and multiple linguistic measures are fundamental for an early identification of DLD and timely interventions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown