Diving deeper into the underlying white shark behaviors at Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Ecology and Evolution

Christopher G. Lowe¹  Omar Santana‐Morales²  Héctor Villalobos³  Rogelio González‐Armas³  Felipe Galván‐Magaña³  Marc Aquino‐Baleytó³  Mauricio Hoyos‐Padilla⁴  James T. Ketchum⁴  Timo Adam⁵  Vianey Leos‐Barajas⁶ 

[1] Department of Biological Sciences California State University Long Beach Long Beach California USA;Ecocimati AC Ensenada Mexico;Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas La Paz Mexico;Pelagios‐Kakunjá La Paz Mexico;University of St Andrews St Andrews UK;University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada;

关键词: Bayesian inference;    behavioral states;    energy costs;    movement strategies;    telemetry;   

DOI  :  10.1002/ece3.8178

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Fine‐scale movement patterns are driven by both biotic (hunting, physiological needs) and abiotic (environmental conditions) factors. The energy balance governs all movement‐related strategic decisions. Marine environments can be better understood by considering the vertical component. From 24 acoustic trackings of 10 white sharks in Guadalupe Island, this study linked, for the first time, horizontal and vertical movement data and inferred six different behavioral states along with movement states, through the use of hidden Markov models, which allowed to draw a comprehensive picture of white shark behavior. Traveling was the most frequent state of behavior for white sharks, carried out mainly at night and twilight. In contrast, area‐restricted searching was the least used, occurring primarily in daylight hours. Time of day, distance to shore, total shark length, and, to a lesser extent, tide phase affected behavioral states. Chumming activity reversed, in the short term and in a nonpermanent way, the behavioral pattern to a general diel vertical pattern.

【 授权许可】

Unknown