Il Silenzio: The First Renaissance Oil Painting on Canvas from the Uffizi Museum Restored with a Safe, Green Antimicrobial Emulsion Based on Citrus aurantium var. amara Hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil

Journal of Fungi

Lorenzo Barbanti¹  Maria Rita Proto¹  Maria Grazia Bellardi¹  Paola Mattarelli¹  Lara Vergari²  Debora Minotti²  Daphne De Luca²  Alice Peduzzi³  Stefania Garzoli⁴  Luigia Sabatini⁵  Francesca Bugli⁶  Roberto Rosato⁶  Maurizio Sanguinetti⁶  Maura Di Vito⁶ 

[1] Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy;Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza della Repubblica, 13, 61029 Urbino, Italy;Dipartimento di Biologia ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Rome, Italy;Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Sezione di Farmacologia e Igiene, Università Degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy;Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;

关键词: Citrus aurantium var. amara;    Cinnamomun zeylanicum bark;    paint artwork;    biodeteriogens;    safe restoration;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jof8020140

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Preserving artworks from the attacks of biodeteriogens is a primary duty of humanity. Nowadays, restorers use chemicals potentially dangerous for both artworks and human health. The purpose of this work was to find a green and safe formulation based on natural substances with fungicidal activity to restore ancient oil paintings, particularly “Il Silenzio” (by Jacopo Zucchi) preserved at the Uffizi Museum in Florence, Italy. The study was divided into two phases. First phase (in vitro study): three essential oils (EOs) and four hydrolates (Hys) were analysed by GC-mass spectrometry and in vitro tested against six ATCC strains of molds. An emulsion based on the more active natural compounds was tested on aged and unaged canvases samples to evaluate both their fungicidal activity and the impact on chemical-physical parameters. Finally, an in vivo toxicity test performed on the Galleria mellonella model assessed the safety for health. Second phase (in situ application): the emulsion was sprayed on the back of the painting and left to act for 24 h. Biodeteriogens present on the “Il Silenzio” painting were microbiologically identified before and after the treatment. The emulsion formulated with C. zeylanicum EO and C. aurantium var. amara Hy showed the best antifungal activity both in vitro and in situ without altering the chemical-physical characteristics of paintings. Furthermore, no in vivo toxicity was shown. For the first time, a green antimicrobial emulsion based on Hy and EO, safe for operators, was used to decontaminate an artwork colonised by fungi before the restoration practices.

【 授权许可】

Unknown