Scaling Up From Regional Case Studies to a Global Harmful Algal Bloom Observing System

Frontiers in Marine Science

John R. Morrison¹  Barbara Kirkpatrick²  Katherine Hubbard³  Julio Morell⁴  Molly McCammon⁵  Darcy Dugan⁵  Raphael M. Kudela⁶  Stephanie K. Moore⁷  Steve Ruberg⁸  Kelli Paige⁹  Elisa Berdalet^1,10  Eleanor O’Rourke^1,11  Caroline K. Cusack^1,11  Joe Silke^1,11  Jan A. Newton^1,12  Clarissa R. Anderson^1,13 

[1] 0Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems, Portsmouth, NH, United States;1Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System, College Station, TX, United States;2Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL, United States;3Caribbean Coastal Ocean Observing System, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, PR, United States;Alaska Ocean Observing System, Anchorage, AK, United States;Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States;Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States;Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;Great Lakes Observing System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;Institute of Marine Sciences (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain;Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland;Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States;

关键词: biodiversity;    phytoplankton;    biotoxin;    phycotoxin;    ecological forecasting;    early warning system;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmars.2019.00250

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) produce local impacts in nearly all freshwater and marine systems. They are a problem that occurs globally requiring an integrated and coordinated scientific understanding, leading to regional responses and solutions. Given that these natural phenomena will never be completely eliminated, an improved scientific understanding of HAB dynamics coupled with monitoring and ocean observations, facilitates new prediction and prevention strategies. Regional efforts are underway worldwide to create state-of-the-art HAB monitoring and forecasting tools, vulnerability assessments, and observing networks. In the United States, these include Alaska, Pacific Northwest, California, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Maine, Great Lakes, and the United States Caribbean islands. This paper examines several regional programs in the United States, European Union, and Asia and concludes that there is no one-size-fits-all approach. At the same time, successful programs require strong coordination with stakeholders and institutional sustainability to maintain and reinforce them with new automating technologies, wherever possible, ensuring integration of modeling efforts with multiple regional to national programs. Recommendations for scaling up to a global observing system for HABs can be summarized as follows: (1) advance and improve cost-effective and sustainable HAB forecast systems that address the HAB-risk warning requirements of key end-users at global and regional levels; (2) design programs that leverage and expand regional HAB observing systems to evaluate emerging technologies for Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) in order to support interregional technology comparisons and regional networks of observing capabilities; (3) fill the essential need for sustained, preferably automated, near real-time information from nearshore and offshore sites situated in HAB transport pathways to provide improved, advanced HAB warnings; (4) merge ecological knowledge and models with existing Earth System Modeling Frameworks to enhance end-to-end capabilities in forecasting and scenario-building; (5) provide seasonal to decadal forecasts to allow governments to plan, adapt to a changing marine environment, and ensure coastal industries are supported and sustained in the years ahead; and (6) support implementation of the recent calls for action by the United Nations Decade 2010 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to develop indicators that are relevant to an effective and global HAB early warning system.

【 授权许可】

Unknown