Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization to Reach the Maximum Grain and Stover Yields of Maize (Zea mays L.): Tendency Modeling

Agronomy

Deli N. Tirado-González¹  Marcos Portillo-Vázquez²  Sergio E. Medina-Cuéllar³  Juan M. Vargas-Canales⁴  Sergio Orozco-Cirilo⁴  Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem⁵  Carlos A. Medina-Flores⁶  Marco A. López-Santiago⁷ 

[1]Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria Agricultura Familiar (CENID AF), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Lagos de Moreno-Jalisco km 8.5, Ojuelos de Jalisco 47540, Mexico

[2]Coordinación de Posgrado, División de Ciencias Económico Administrativas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera México–Texcoco km 38.5, Texcoco 56230, Mexico

[3]Departamento de Arte y Empresa, División de Ingenierías Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Salamanca-Valle de Santiago km 3.5 + 1.8, Salamanca 36885, Mexico

[4]Departamento de Estudios Sociales, División de Ciencias Sociales y Administrativas, Universidad de Guanajuato. Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra No. 201, Ejido Santa María del Refugio, Celaya 38110, Mexico

[5]Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca 50295, Mexico

[6]Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Panamericana Zacatecas-Fresnillo km 31.5, Enrique Estrada 98500, Mexico

[7]Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera Gómez Palacio–Chihuahua km 40, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico

关键词: maize hybrid;    nitrogen fertilization;    tendency models;    grain yield;    grain-to-stover ratio;   

DOI  :  10.3390/agronomy11071354

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Utilization of maize stover to the production of meat and milk and saving the grains for human consumption would be one strategy for the optimal usage of resources. Variance and tendency analyses were applied to find the optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization dose (0, 100, 145, 190, 240, and 290 kg/ha) for forage (F), stover (S), cob (C), and grain (G) yields, as well as the optimal grain-to-forage, cob-to-forage, and cob-to-stover ratios (G:F, C:F, and C:S, respectively). The study was performed in central Mexico (20.691389° N and −101.259722° W, 1740 m a.m.s.l.; Cwa (Köppen), 699 mm annual precipitation; alluvial soils). N-190 and N-240 improved the individual yields and ratios the most. Linear and quadratic models for CDM, GDM, and G:F ratio had coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.20–0.46 (p < 0.03). Cubic showed R² = 0.30–0.72 (p < 0.02), and the best models were for CDM, GDM, and the G:F, C:F, and C:S DM ratios (R² = 0.60–0.72; p < 0.0002). Neither SHB nor SDM negatively correlated with CDM or GDM (r = 0.23–0.48; p < 0.0001). Excess of N had negative effects on forage, stover, cobs, and grains yields, but optimal N fertilization increased the proportion of the G:F, C:F, and C:S ratios, as well as the SHB and SDM yields, without negative effects on grain production.

【 授权许可】

Unknown