Local- and Plot-Scale Measurements of Soil Moisture: Time and Spatially Resolved Field Techniques in Plain, Hill and Mountain Sites

Water

Rita Deiana¹  Giorgio Cassiani²  Eugenio Cavallo³  Marcella Biddoccu³  Giorgio Capello³  Stefano Ferraris⁴  Maurizio Previati⁴  Davide Gisolo⁴  Davide Canone⁴  Giulia Raffelli⁴  Ivan Bevilacqua⁴ 

[1] Department of Cultural Heritage (dBC), University of Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy;Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy;Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines, Italian National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy;Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning (DIST), Polytechnic and University of Torino, viale Mattioli, 39, 10125 Torino, Italy;

关键词: soil moisture measurements;    TDR;    FDR Sensors;    EMI;    ERT;    GPR;    case studies;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w9090706

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Soil moisture measurement is essential to validate hydrological models and satellite data. In this work we provide an overview of different local and plot scale soil moisture measurement techniques applied in three different conditions in terms of altitude, land use, and soil type, namely a plain, a mountain meadow and a hilly vineyard. The main goal is to provide a synoptic view of techniques supported by practical case studies to show that in such different conditions it is possible to estimate a time and spatially resolved soil moisture by the same combination of instruments: contact-based methods (i.e., Time Domain Reflectometry—TDR, and two low frequency probes) for the time resolved, and hydro-geophysical minimally-invasive methods (i.e., Electromagnetic Induction—EMI, Ground Penetrating Radar—GPR, and the Electrical Resistivity Tomography—ERT) for the spatially resolved. Both long-term soil moisture measurements and spatially resolved measurement campaigns are discussed. Technical and operational measures are detailed to allow critical factors to be identified.

【 授权许可】

Unknown