Eccentric Training Improves Body Composition by Inducing Mechanical and Metabolic Adaptations: A Promising Approach for Overweight and Obese Individuals

Frontiers in Physiology

Hélène Perrault¹  Julianne Touron²  David Thivel³  Bruno Pereira⁴  Ruddy Richard⁵  Valérie Julian⁵  Martine Duclos⁵  Frédéric Costes⁵  Yves Boirie⁶ 

[1] Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada;INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France;Laboratoire AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France;Service de Biostatistique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France;Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France;Service de Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France;

关键词: eccentric exercise;    concentric exercise;    fat mass;    lean mass;    obesity;    metabolism;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fphys.2018.01013

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Skeletal muscle generates force by either shortening (concentrically) or lengthening (eccentrically). Eccentric (ECC) exercise is characterized by a lower metabolic demand and requires less muscle activity than concentric (CON) exercise at the same level of exerted force. However, the specific effect of ECC training vs. CON training on lean and fat mass remains underexplored. The first aim of this paper was to review the available evidence regarding the effects of ECC training on whole body and segmental lean and fat mass and, when possible, compare these with the effects of CON training. The second aim was to provide some insights into the main mechanical, physiological, and metabolic adaptations of ECC training that contribute to its effects on body composition. The third aim was to determine the beneficial effects of ECC exercise on health-related parameters in overweight and obese patients. ECC training is an effective modality to improve lean mass, but when matched for load or work, the difference between ECC and CON trainings seems unclear. A few studies reported that ECC training is also efficient at reducing fat mass. By increasing post-exercise resting energy expenditure, modifying metabolic substrate, and improving both blood lipid profile and insulin resistance, ECC training is a potential exercise modality for individuals with chronic conditions such as those who are overweight and obese. Further investigations using standardized experimental conditions, examining not only segmental but also whole body composition, are required to compare ECC and CON trainings.

【 授权许可】

Unknown